Figures released by Public Health Scotland showed there were 16,584 terminations in 2022, a 19% increase.
Women living in the least affluent areas had twice as many abortions as those in the most affluent areas.
The British Pregnancy Advisory Service said financial pressures were forcing women to make difficult choices.
Racheal Clarke, from the charity, told BBC Radio Scotland’s Drivetime programme they were “absolutely not surprised” by the figures.
“This certainly reflects what we’ve been seeing over the last 18 months – a really big increase in the number of woman who are coming to us,” she said.
“Particularly an increase in women who are very worried about the cost of living and the impact that’s going to have on them and their families.”
While the number of abortions rose among all income groups, the increase was less pronounced in more affluent areas.
A total of 4,744 terminations were recorded for women living in the poorest areas of the country, compared to 2,219 in the most well-off places.
There were also differences between health boards, with NHS Tayside, NHS Lanarkshire, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and NHS Forth Valley all having termination rates higher than the Scottish average.
The long term trend in the figures has been upwards. In 2013 the termination rate was 11.5 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 years, while this had risen to 16.1 per 1,000 women by 2022.
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